Seminar Reading: Week 8
Freedom and Discontents
The period between 1789 and mid 1792 (when the monarchy was toppled) is often called the 'liberal phase'. For some historians it was a 'happy phase' as well -- an optimistic period of freedom when democratic institutions and practices took root. It precedes the 'radical' or 'Jacobin phase' -- a tumultuous period of civil war and terror. How the Revolution swung from one phase to the other is a staple question in French Revolutionary studies. Was a good Revolution blown off course by a radical 'sect' of ideologues (Jacobins)? Or did the 'liberal phase' already contain the seeds of radicalisation? Just how much of the Terror (1793-94) owed to unresolved tensions between the freedoms and equalities proclaimed in the Revolution's early years?
The readings this week address some of the areas where the limits of freedom and equality remained undefined.
Quiz - 20 multiple choice questions on Popkin and readings up to and including week 8. 20 mins in class.
Counts towards participation
Core primary reading
* Mason & Rizzo, FRDC, chps 4 & 6. (Skip the documents concerning rights, which we read last week).
(July 1790)
(Nov 1790)
Core secondary reading
J. Markoff, 鈥榁iolence, Emancipation, and Democracy: The Countryside and the French Revolution鈥�, American Historical Review 100: 2 (1995), 360-386
M. Crook, 鈥楾he New Regime: Political Institutions and Democratic Practices under the Constitutional Monarchy, 1789-1791鈥�, in OHFR, 218-235.
E. Woell, 鈥楻eligion and Revolution鈥�, in OHFR, 254-271.
Questions
1. How necessary was violence for liberating peasants from the vestiges of the Ancien R茅gime feudalism?
2. Do the parameters of elections in the early Revolution account for radicalisation?
3. Was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy a mistake? What were the alternatives and how might they have played out given the political and financial context?
Further reading
General
M. Price, 鈥楾he Ministry of the 100 Hours: a reappraisal鈥�, French History, 4 (1990)
M. Price, The Fall of the French Monarchy (2002)
T. Tackett, When the King Took Flight (2003)
G. Rud茅, The Crowd in the French Revolution (1959)
R.B. Rose, 鈥楬ow to make a revolution: the Paris districts in 1789鈥�, BJRL, (1977)
W. Doyle, Origins of the French Revolution, 3rd edn. (1999)
G. Lefebvre, The Coming of the French Revolution (1946)
R. Harris, Necker and the Revolution of 1789 (1986)
D. Wick, A Conspiracy of Well-Intentioned Men: The Society of Thirty and the French Revolution (1987)
G.A. Kelly, 鈥楾he machine of the duc d鈥橭rl茅ans and the new politics鈥�, JMH (1979)
S.F. Scott, The Response of the Royal Army to the French Revolution, 1785-93 (1978)
K. Alder, 鈥楽tepson of the Enlightenment: the duc de Ch芒telet, the colonel who 鈥渃aused鈥� the French Revolution鈥�, Eighteenth-Century Studies, 32 (1998-9)
D. Garrioch, 鈥楾he everyday lives of Parisian women and the October Days of 1789鈥�, Social History, 24 (1999)
C. Lucas, 鈥楾alking about popular violence in 1789鈥�, in A. Forrest & P.M. Jones (eds), Reshaping France (1991)
The Bastille
C. Qu茅tel, Escape from the Bastille: the Life and Legend of Latude (1989)
R. Reichard & H.J. Lusebrink, The Bastille: A History of a Symbol of Despotism and Freedom (1997)
Rural – General
P.M. Jones, The Peasantry in the French Revolution (1988).
P.T. Hoffman, Growth in a Traditional Society: The French Countryside, 1450-1815 (1996).
L. Vardi, The Land and the Loom: Peasants and Profits in Northern France, 1680-1800 (1993)
H.L Root, Peasants and King in Burgundy. Agrarian Foundations of French Absolutism (1987)
O. Hufton, 鈥楾he seigneur and the rural community in eighteenthcentury France: the seigenurial reaction. A reappraisal鈥�, TRHS, 5th series, 29 (1979)
O. Hufton, The Poor of Eighteenth-Century France, 1750-89 (1974)
C. Jones, The Charitable Imperative: Hospitals and Nursing in Ancien R茅gime and Revolutionary France (1989)
R.M. Schwartz, Policing the Poor in Eighteenth-Century France (1988)
T. Adams, Bureaucrats and Beggars: French Social Policy in the Age of Enlightenment (1990)
G.L. Gullickson, Spinners and Weavers of Auffay: Rural Industry and the Sexual Division of Labor in a French Village (1986).
Rural - 1789
G. Lefebvre, The Great Fear of 1789: Rural Panic in Revolutionary France (1973)
C. Ramsay, The Ideology of the Great Fear. The Soissonnais in 1789 (1992)
A. Davies, 鈥楾he origins of the French peasant revolution of 1789鈥�, History, 49 (1964)
P.M. Jones, The Peasantry in the French Revolution (1988)
J. Markoff, The Abolition of Feudalism. Peasants, Lords and Legislators in the French Revolution (1996)
M.P. Fitzsimmons, The Night the Old Regime Ended. August 4, 1789, and the French Revolution (2003)
P. Kessel, La Nuit du 4 ao没t 1789 (Paris, 1969)
Town and Country
L. Hunt, 鈥楥ommittees and communes: local politics and national revolution in 1789鈥�, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 18 (1976)
L. Hunt, Revolution and Urban Politics in Provincial France. Troyes and Reims,
1786-90 (1978)
A. Crubaugh, 鈥楲ocal Justice and Rural Society in the French Revolution鈥�, Journal of Social History (2000).
P.M. Jones, Liberty and Locality in Revolutionary France: Six Villages Compared, 1760-1820 (2003)
P.M. Jones, 鈥楾owards a Village History of the French Revolution. Some problems of method, FH, 14 (2000)
J. Maciak, 鈥極f News and Networks. The communication of political information in the rural south-west during the French Revolution鈥�, FH, 15 (2001)
McPhee, Peter, 鈥樷�漈he Misguided Greed of Peasants鈥欌��? Popular attitudes to the environment in the Revolution of 1789鈥�, FHS, 24 (2001)
N. Plack, 鈥楧rinking the Fruits of Revolution: Common land privatisation and the expansion of viticulture in Languedoc, c.1789-1820鈥�, European Review of History, 13 (2006).
Assembly Politics
T. Tackett, Becoming a Revolutionary. The Deputies of the French National
Assembly and the Emergence of a Revolutionary Culture, 1789-91 (1996)
J. Egret, La R茅volution des notables: Mounier et les monarchiens (1950)
R.H. Griffiths, Le Centre perdu: Malouet et les Monarchiens dans la R茅volution fran莽aise (1988)
N. Hampson, Prelude to Terror: The Constituent Assembly and the Failure of Consensus, 1789-91 (1988)
H.B. Applewhite, Political Alignment in the French National Assembly, 1789-91 (1993)
M.P. Fitzsimmons, The Remaking of France: The National Assembly and the Constitution of 1791 (1991)
M. Fitzsimmons, 鈥楶rivilege and polity in France, 1786-91鈥� AHR, 92 (1987)
E.H. Lemay & A. Patrick, Revolutionaries at Work: The Constituent Assembly, 1789-91 (1996)
The Wider Scene
L.G. Shapiro & J. Markoff, Revolutionary Demands. A Content Analysis of the Cahiers de Dol茅ances of 1789 (1998).
G.V. Taylor, 鈥楻evolutionary and non-revolutionary content in the cahiers of 1789鈥�, FHS, 7 (1972)
R. Chartier, 鈥楥ulture, lumi猫res, dol茅ances: les cahiers de 1789鈥�, RHMC, 28 (1981).
S.F. Scott, 鈥楶roblems of law and order during 1790, the 鈥減eaceful鈥漼ear of the French Revolution鈥�, AHR, 80 (1975)
B.M. Shapiro, Revolutionary Justice in Paris, 1789-90 (1993).
M. Vovelle, The Fall of the French Monarchy, 1787-92 (1984)
M. Price, The Fall of the French Monarchy (2002)
D. Andress, 鈥楴eighbourhood Policing in Paris from Old Regime to Revolution: The exercise of authority by the district de Saint-Roch, 1789-1791鈥�, FHS, 29 (2006)
D.L. Clifford, 鈥楥an the Uniform Make the Citizen? Paris, 1789-1791鈥�, Eighteenth-Century Studies, 34 (2001)
M. Edelstein, 鈥楲aying the Foundations for the Regeneration of the Empire鈥�: The first municipal elections in the biggest cities of France during the Revolution鈥�, French History, 17 (2003)
T. Tackett, 鈥楥ollective Panics in the Early French Revolution, 1789–1791: A comparative perspective鈥�, French History, 17 (2003)
The Work of Reform
I. Woloch, The New Regime: Transformations of the French Civic Order, 1789-1820s (1994)
P.M. Jones, Reform and Revolution in France: The Politics of Transition, 1774-91 (1995)
M. Crook, Elections in the French Revolution: An Apprenticeship in Democracy,
1789-99 (1996)
T. Margadant, Urban Rivalries in the French Revolution (1992)
P. Gueniffey, Le Nombre et la raison: la R茅volution fran莽aise et les 茅lections (1993)
F. Aftalion, The French Revolution: An Economic Interpretation (1990)
Forrest, Alan, Paris, the Provinces and the French Revolution (2004).
Sahlins, P., Unnaturally French: Foreign citizens in the Old Regime and after (2004)
Cowens, Jon, To Speak for the People: Public Opinion and the Problem of Legitimacy in the French Revolution (2001).
B. Lepetit, The Pre-Industrial Urban System: France, 1740-1840 (1994)
Religion
N. Aston, Religion and Revolution in France, 1789-1804 (2000)
J. McManners, The French Revolution and the Church (1969)
R. Gibson, A Social History of French Catholicism 1789-1914 (1989).
T. Tackett, Priest and Parish in Eighteenth-Century France: A Social and Political 果冻传媒 of the Cur茅 in a Diocese in Dauphin茅, 1750-91 (1977)
T. Tackett, 鈥楾he Citizen-priest: politics and ideology among the parish clergy of eighteenth-century Dauphin茅鈥�, Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture, 7 (1978)
J. McManners, French Ecclesiastical Society under the Ancien R茅gime: A 果冻传媒 of Angers in the Eighteenth Century (1960)
J. McManners, Church and Society in Eighteenth-Century France. (1999).
C. Hodson, 鈥�"In Praise of the Third Estate": Religious and Social Imagery in the Early French Revolution鈥�,Eighteenth-Century Studies, 34 (2001)
G. Lewis, The Second Vend茅e (1978)
J.N. Hood, 鈥楶rotestant-Catholic relations and the roots of the first popular counter-revolutionary movement in France鈥�, JMH, 43 (1971)
J.N. Hood, 鈥楻evival and mutation of old rivalries in Revolutionary France鈥�, P&P, 82
(1979)
Civil Constitution of the Clergy in Context
T. Tackett, Religion, Revolution and Regional Culture in Eighteenth-Century France. The Ecclesiastical Oath of 1791 (1986)
E.F. Johnson, 鈥楾he Sacred, Secular Regime: Catholic ritual and revolutionary politics in Avignon, 1789-1791鈥�, FHS, 30 (2007)
A. Sepinwall, The Abb茅 Gr茅goire and the French Revolution (2005)
R. Hermon-Belot, L鈥橝bb茅 Gr茅goire: la politique et la v茅rit茅 (2000).
M. Price, The Fall of the Monarchy (2002)
C. Lucas (ed.), The Political Culture of the French Revolution (=FRMPC 3).
W.J. Sewell, A Rhetoric of Bourgeois Revolution. The Abb茅 Si茅y茅s and 鈥榃hat is the Third Estate鈥�? (1994)
D. Van Kley (ed.), The French Idea of Freedom: The Old R茅gime and the Declaration of Rights of 1789 (1994)
N. Hampson, Prelude to Terror: The Constituent Assembly and the Failure of Consensus, 1789-91 (1988)
A. Wills, Crime and Punishment in Revolutionary Paris (1981)
National & Provincial Politics
P.M. Jones, Reform and Revolution in France, 1774-91 (1995)
J.Markoff, The Abolition of Feudalism. Peasants, Lords and Legislators in the French Revolution (1996)
T. Tackett, 鈥楥onspiracy obsession in a time of revolution: French elites and the origins of terror, 1789-92鈥�, AHR, (2000)
T. Tackett, Becoming a Revolutionary: The Deputies of the French National Assembly and the Emergence of Revolutionary Culture, 1789-91 (1996)
M.P. Fitzsimmons, The Remaking of France. The National Assembly and the Constitution of 1791 (1991)
E.H. Lemay & A. Patrick, Revolutionaries at Work: The Constitutent Assembly 1789-91 (1996)
P. Higonnet, Goodness beyond Virtue: Jacobins during the French Revolution (1998)
M. Crook, Elections in the French Revolution (1996)
Parisian Politics
D. Clifford, 鈥楾he National Guard and the Parisian community, 1789-90鈥�, FHS (1990)
S. Maza, 鈥楾he social imaginary of the French Revolution: The Third Estate, the National Guard and the absent bourgeoisie鈥�, in C. Jones & D. Wahrman (eds), An Age of Cultural Revolution. Britain and France, 1750-1820 (2002)
D.L. Clifford, 鈥楥an the uniform make the citizen? Paris, 1789-91鈥�, Eighteenth-Century Studies, 34 (2001)
R.B. Rose, 鈥楾he Paris district and district democracy, 1789-90鈥�, BJRL, 59 (1977)
C Hodson, 鈥業n Praise of the Third Estate: religious and social imagery in the early French Revolution鈥�, Eighteenth-Century Studies, 34 (2001)
G. Kates, The Cercle Social, the Girondins, and the French Revolution (1985)
R.B. Rose, The Making of the Sans-Culottes (1983)
R.B. Rose, 鈥楴ursery of sans-culottes: the soci茅t茅 patriotique of the Luxembourg section, 1792-5鈥�, BJRL, (1982-3)
B. Shapiro, Revolutionary Justice in Paris, 1789-90 (1993)